Background
Diabetes is one of the most emerging and life-threatening health conditions, which has resulted in affecting 4.3 million people. There have been serious problems faced by elderly people with the self-management of insulin, which have been increasing. The rising concerns of Diabetes have resulted in creating a major public health concern.
Definition of the magnitude (severity) of the current problem (situation) and related consequences
Research has shown the serious consequences of uncontrolled diabetes. As per the report of BBC, poor care in diabetes management and delayed health checks result in the consequences of more than 7000 deaths (Poor diabetes care may be behind 7,000 excess deaths. BBC News, 2023).
Figure 1: Prevalence of Diabetes in England and Wales
Source: (Gagliardi, 2024).
As per the Statista report, there has been a higher prevalence of diabetes in England, between 2022 to 2023, which has affected 3.4 million people (Gagliardi, 2024).
Comparison of the status of the workplace or community problem
Diabetes has emerged as the current biggest health issue in England, which has devastating consequences on health and has resulted in the emergence of health risks and complications of vascular diseases, cognitive and functional disability, risks of developing cancer, dementia and other health ailments, among the elderly patients (Tomic et al., 2022).
Literature review to support consequences/impact
The rising magnitude of Diabetes has affected the elderly people at large, who are the most vulnerable group, in comparison to the other age groups. This is because, the elderly community in England, deals with financial costs, several existing comorbidities, as well as lower educational attainment, along with age concerns, which have resulted in the deficiency of insulin in the body (Umpierrez and Pasquel, 2017).
Relation of the Proposed Change
Despite the governmental initiatives of NHS England in controlling Diabetes, there have been rising concerns about the disease. Therefore, the project manager intends to integrate the invention of educating the patients with insulin self-management, by implementing change theory, leadership as well and management skills, to improve the healthy living criteria of the elderly patients.
PROJECT INITIATION
Theory related to change
The major scope of the project is to analyze the ways to improve old-age patients’ ability by education on insulin self-management in the hospitals of London. The change management model can also be beneficial for this project as it will help in analyzing the required change for achieving the aim and objectives associated with the project. Considering this factor, Lewin’s change management model can be taken into consideration for this project which includes three stages that are unfreeze, change and refreeze. All the stages of change in this model play an important role in influencing the members of the team to accept the changing situation Graf et al. (2020).
Identifying and assessing the impact of the forces or pressures for and against the project
Force field analysis
To determine the feasibility of the project, the force field analysis can be performed as it helps in understanding the impact of the forces against the idea. With the help of the force field analysis, it becomes easier to demonstrate information about the idea which impacts the outcome of the project effectively Chatterjee et al. (2024)
Figure 2: Force Field Analysis
(Source: self-created)
Factors supporting the project
Different factors have been analyzed to impact the project in a positive way which can help in achieving its aim of generating awareness among the old-age patient’s ability for self-management while providing them with better education about insulin. It is essential to raise awareness among old people as they might not acquire better knowledge about health issues and believe in relying on others for their own good. It is essential to review the use of insulin by older people regularly as it can support them and improve their knowledge about ways for self-management (Forbes, 2020). In addition to this, feedback is also one of the important self-management tools (Adair, 2007). This factor can also be beneficial for the growth and development of patients who are dealing with diabetes or any issue related to the use of insulin. With the help of effective awareness about the use of insulin, will help old people gather more information about implementing self-management strategies in their daily routine. With the help of this factor, they will less rely on others and start to take care of their health. With the help of a study, it has been analyzed that Insulin education groups are beneficial in reducing the cost burden for health services while maximizing the expertise of diabetes specialist nurses Upsher et al. (2020).
Factors that are against the project
There are many people within the UK facing issues in their health which has been leading them to the use of insulin. In this context, every person might acquire their own beliefs and thoughts associated with the usage of insulin which can lead them to avoid gaining an education about self-management. It can be problematic to manage time to deal with diverse hospitals within the UK to generate awareness and provide education about insulin self-management which can affect the aim and objective of the overall project negatively. There are diverse resources that are required to provide education to the patients of London about insulin self-management. Lack of resources can create issues in providing quality education to patients and negatively impact their learning.
Fishbone analysis
health benefits: There are diverse benefits associated with generating awareness about insulin self-management. it will improve the ways to deal with health issues by the patients.
society: The people within the community will be benefited. This is because people will analyse the importance of learning ways to manage their health.
community: People within the community will analyse the importance of maintaining their health and well-being. With the help of this factor, it will be easier to manage the issue associated with lack of insulin self-management.
policies: This actor deals with diverse rules, regulations and laws. Due to this reason, it will be easier to maintain health benefit of patients dealing with diabetes.
The project’s goal and objective
The main goal of the project is to initiate leadership strategies in the project to provide education to old-age people about insulin self-management in London. In addition to this, the objective associated with the project is to provide effective information about indulging self-management while considering the challenges associated with the issues faced by old age people. Another objective is to determine the leadership methods to conduct the project to achieve the goal of the overall project effectively.
There is an effective relationship between the project’s objective statement and the results of the analyses that have been conducted above. The analysis includes information about the impact of awareness and education on old age people about insulin management which directly links with the goal and objective of the study.
Different stakeholders involved in the proposed project
Prioritizing the stakeholders of a project allows one to define the requirements for a project product that can also help in satisfying its stakeholders effectively Oberemok and Oberemok (2020). Different stakeholders who are connected with the project include suppliers, project staff, hospital staff, and chosen old age people to provide education for insulin self-management. The people who will receive education will benefit from the project along with suppliers as well staff as they will get financial benefits. The investors, leaders as well as managers will be invested in this project. The stakeholders might face conflicts like lack of communication among the staff of the project can create misunderstanding and conflicts in teamwork.
PROJECT PLANNING AND FEASIBILITY
A deeper analysis of the problems of Diabetes among the elderly population can be maintained through the integration of education on self-management insulin. Through the intervention of a suitable level of educational purpose, the project manager has collaborated with the policymakers, public health officials as well as stakeholders, for the effective implementation of the educational programs on insulin self-management to improve their lives.
Major activities or evidence-based interventions
The major interventions for enhancing insulin self-management for elderly patients can be driven through insulin pen devices. This intervention would include a multi-modal educational approach, which involves didactic in-service presentation as well as optional simulation assessment, proven to be effective for improving patient education on self-administration of insulin via pen, in the London Hospitals (Goswami et al. 2023).
The partnership with the JBDS for Inpatient Care Group presented in the London hospitals, helps in setting diabetes guidelines for the inpatients, which helps in proposing standards of care (JBDS 04 self-management of diabetes in hospital, 2024).
These approaches provide accurate information regarding the negative consequences of Diabetes and the necessity for elderly people to be aware of self-management insulin.
In this light, the Project manager and the team will incorporate suggested approaches to enhance the education of elderly patients in improving their knowledge of insulin self-management, by initiating campaigns about the ill effects of Diabetes and their negative impact on health, through awareness campaigns. Also, this will include a comprehensive engagement and communication plan, to deal with the prevalence of Diabetes in England.
Resources Required
The project management team will include prominent resources as follows:
- A Planning Team consisting of 6 individuals
- Communication Team consisting of 7 individuals
- A Financial Team of 4 members
- A welfare Team of 10 individuals
- A transport Team of 2 members
- Volunteer Recruitment consisting of over 250 members
Apart from the human resources, the Project Manager has also identified the estimated cost of approx. £1.1 million each year, which would be integrated into the implementation, intervention and operational expenses. This will also require funding from the UK Department of Health and Social Care.
Scheduling of the main activities
The plan will prove to be beneficial in the identification of the challenges of diabetes, the determination of the appropriate timing for the implementation of the process, along the determination of the target delivery methods to address each of the stakeholder groups and their successful implementation (Newton, 2016). This project plan will be implemented in consideration of educating the elderly patients, who are the most prominent patients of Diabetes, with insulin self-management.
This can be represented through the initiation of the Gantt chart, which through the visual representation format highlights the task timeline, and dependencies of the project and gauges the overall overview of the progress (Nahmias, 2013).
Underneath, are the tasks mentioned, which have been gained through the project analysis, during the initiation phase of the project.
| Objectives | Start Date: 1 June 2023 | 1 December 2023 | 30 May, 2024 | August, 2024 | 1st December, 2025 | 2nd April, 2026 to May, 2032 | June 2032 to 3rd April 2033 |
| Project Initiation Phase | |||||||
| Research and Planning | |||||||
| Multimodal Educational Approach | |||||||
| Partnership with Joint British Diabetes Society | |||||||
| Targeted Campaigns | |||||||
| Evaluation and Monitoring | |||||||
| Collaborations and Partnerships | |||||||
| Continuation and Sustainability | |||||||
| Milestone 1 | |||||||
| Milestone 2 | |||||||
| Milestone 3 |
Table 1: Gantt chart
(Source: Self-Developed)
Potential Risks
The assessment of the risks of any project undergoes a systematic process for the identification, evaluation and management of the risks of the project. lan
| Risk | Description | Association | Likelihood | Impact | Risk Score | Response |
| Stakeholder Engagement | Limited involvement from stakeholders | Moderate | Medium | High | 6 | Mitigate |
| Inadequate Funding | Insufficient funding to meet project requirements | Low | High | Medium | 5 | Mitigate |
| Limited Participation | Poor response from the participants | High | High | High | 7 | Mitigate |
A thorough analysis by the team identified the potential risks in the implementation of the project of increasing the elderly self-management of insulin through education.
Risk reduction strategies
The risks of the project can be reduced through the appropriate funding and volunteers to make the campaign a success. This can be achieved through the integration of stakeholder prioritization, to develop communication strategies.
Communication and engagement plan with stakeholders
The establishing of strong communication bonds, via a communication and engagement plan, helps in outlining the requirements of the stakeholders, and establishing communication with them, as proposed below:
| Stakeholders | Communication Content | Period | Communication Channels |
| Elderly Diabetic Patients | The negative impact of Diabetes and their need for self-managed insulin | Regular Updates | Direct face-to-face interaction |
| Public Health Officials | Project Objectives, provision of guidance and support | Progress reviews | Meetings and presentations |
| Policymakers | Project goals, strategies, resource allocation | Planning, Implementation and evaluation stages | Briefings and policy discussions |
| Hospitals and Healthcare Institutions | Collaborative opportunities | Module and Guidelines | Workshops |
| Funding Agencies | Financial Accountability | Funding guidelines | Proposal submission |
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING
Description of the transition phase from the planning phase to the implementation phase
It is essential to plan a project before initiating it as it helps in analyzing the requirements as well as the importance of the project effectively. In addition to this, planning is the first phase of any project which helps the project managers to think critically about the ways to manage and take steps to achieve project goals. In addition to this, the planning phase helps in providing accuracy, timeliness, and performance monitoring along with analysis of the final assessment of the project Portland Portny, (2022).
Planning phase: In the planning phase of the project, certain things can be taken into consideration such as planning a budget, and analyzing the hospitals of London from where old age people will be chosen. With the help of effective leadership, it becomes easier to monitor the planning phase effectively as it helps in taking control of learning processes Kilag et al. (2022).
Implementing phase: This is also one of the beneficial phases which helps in managing the overall plan where different aspects are implanted by the project managers or leaders. In this stage, most of the time, collaboration and teamwork are also implemented to achieve better results in the project Lummis et al. (2022). Different factors will be implemented in this phase which includes teamwork, better collaboration with diverse stakeholders, and many others.
Transition phase: This is the final phase which assures the project goals and objectives are being achieved through effective strategies. Considering this factor, diverse hospitals in the UK will be considered where the nurse’s healthcare will be used to gather information about old age people dealing with insulin intake due to diabetes.
Discussion of the implementation and monitoring process
Democratic leadership style will be adopted for the intervention as it is one of the most effective types of leadership which improves group communication and interactions. In addition, this leadership style also helps influence the ability of others to work together to achieve the goals of the projects and other programs Devi et al. (2021). With the help of this leadership style, every staff indulging in intervention will be able to interact and work independently. Therefore, the intervention will acquire innovativeness and help in achieving the goals of the project.
This leadership will help in achieving the terms associated with the gannet chart in the proper time. In this context, it will also be beneficial for the project to maintain its effectiveness while considering the communication plan. Yes, the leadership style can be altered based on the situation which will increase the effectiveness of the project. In terms of leadership and communication, I will try to address the situation effectively while considering diverse skills related to leadership.
PROJECT EVALUATION
Purpose of the project of the evaluation
The project evaluation plays a vital role in the systematic understanding of the success of the project, the effectiveness of the intervention, and the target population, to understand the mechanisms of success and adverse effects (Denford et al., 2018).
| Objective | Expected Outcome | Resources | Data Source |
| Implementation of the target campaign at the hospitals in England as well as implementing the multimodal educational approach to teach elderly patients regarding the futileness of self-managed insulin without depending on others | Increased engagement of the elderly people, who are staying alone and want to lead a healthy life, without dependency | Educational materials and communication channels | Website analytics to understand the prevalence of Diabetes among elderly people in England and gain access and collaboration with different hospitals in England for the campaign |
| Collaboration with Healthcare professionals to implement education on self-managed insulin for the elderly | This would improve availability as well as the utilization of the hospitals as the sessions to practically educate elderly patients with the self-managed insulin programs | Healthcare providers, tailored programs, counselling and medication resources | Diabetes prevalence data, Patient feedback form |
| Evidence-based strategies for monitoring progress | Identification of the risks in the propitiation of the self-managed insulin program, ongoing tracking for progress | Data collection tools and evaluation frameworks | Progress and evaluation reports |
The table provides an overview of the objectives set for the evaluation of the project, towards the implementation of the education program to educate elderly people regarding self-managed insulin.
Assessment of the effectiveness of communications and leadership styles adopted throughout the change process
The overall project implemented within the local hospitals of England to educate elderly diabetic patients regarding the importance of self-managed insulin has been conveyed effectively through face-to-face interactions and meetings as well as under the guidance of the Democratic leadership style.
To understand the effectiveness of the overall project, the concerned project manager conducted an assessment through the multifactor leadership questionnaire, which proved to be effective in assessing the communication and leadership style (Jankelová and Joniaková, 2021).
Based on this, the strengths and weaknesses of the project have been assessed, which resulted in the Project Manager confirming the futileness of the objectives of the project for the successful implementation of self-managed insulin for managing elderly care with Diabetes in England.
Limitations of the project
This project has been limited because the project has focused on the self-managed insulin programs for elderly people with Diabetes in England. This has limited the scope of the project, in addressing the problems, by being specific to the elderly group. This has limited the entire scope of the project to concern themselves with providing education regarding self-managed insulin and not opting for another sort of intervention.
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded that the lessons that have been learned within this healthcare assignment project can be effectively implemented in personal as well as professional roles. In addition, communication, critical thinking, effective ways of planning, and many more can help in self-improvement that can help in achieving success as a project manager even in the future. It is essential to acquire proper leadership roles for achieving personal as well as professional goals as it boosts confidence, fosters relationships with others and helps in maintaining teamwork. With the help of the knowledge gathered in this project can also provide benefits in guiding others to maintain their effectiveness in any project or team. With the help of the learning, it will also be beneficial to analyze the importance of effective collaboration within the team and its impact on project outcomes.
The project can also be significant for the other areas of healthcare as it includes the importance of providing awareness among the patients to achieve self-management effectively. With the help of self-management capabilities, it will be easier to improve the confidence and abilities of patients to remain hopeful about their health outcomes.
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